Super Fast Food! Mac OS

Super Fast Food! Mac OS

Setting up a software RAID (or random array of independent disks) is a great way to inexpensively provide a huge boost to read/write speeds, or add an internal back up solution (or do both!).
All you need is a Mac with the ability to install more than one SSD or HDD (such as a Mac Pro 5,1) and some HDDs or SSDs, we recommend using matched drives in most cases, however, simply matching capacity (2TB etc.) and type (HDD or SSD) is usually fine.
A RAID is basically a collection of physical drives, linked together, that are seen by your system as a single drive. You can set up a RAID in a number of different ways. A striped RAID will boost read and write speeds by splitting your data between all 4 drives and reading/writing to them all at the same time. A mirrored RAID will write the same data to a number of drives, meaning you have real time back-ups that are fully bootable and can repair themselves. You can even set up 2 striped RAIDs in a mirrored RAID. This may sound confusing, but we'll explain which configuration is best for what soon enough.
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Setting up a Striped RAID to Maximise Disk Read & Write Speeds
Setting up a striped RAID is a great option when you need to maximise read & write speeds, regardless of your budget. Theoretically you could set up a striped RAID using 4 PCI-E flash storage blades in an external PCI-E expander, you would hit around 4GB/s read & write speeds with a set up like this, but it wouldn't be cheap. Alternatively, you could use 4 HDDs in a Mac Pro's internal HDD bays and hit speeds of around 600MB/s, about 20% faster than the best consumer 2.5″ SSDs, but the cost would be much less. There are also a myriad of options in-between for every budget, you don't have to use 4 drives, a 2 drive RAID is still extremely effective.
A striped RAID will have disk read & write speeds that are around the sum total of your drives separately. So if you use two 500MB/s SSDs then your RAID will read & write at around 1GB/s.
How to:
Open Disk Utitlity (Finder > User > Applications > Utilities).
Format each disk you want to use in your RAID set to ‘Mac OS X Extended (Journaled)'. Do this by selecting each disk in the left hand menu and heading over to the ‘Erase' tab.
Select one of the disks you want to use in your RAID.
Select ‘RAID' tab in the main portion of the window.
Name your RAID in the ‘RAID Set Name' text box.
Select ‘Mac OS X Extended (Journaled)' as your format in the ‘Format' drop down (unless you specifically want another format and know what you are doing).
Select ‘Striped RAID Set' in the ‘RAID Type' drop down.
Drag the drives you want to use in the RAID from the drive overview section on the left of the window into the RAID Set.
Hit ‘Create'.
Once created, your RAID set will appear as below and can now be used to store files.

With a bootable USB installer, you can even install OS X on your new RAID set. You can also use Disk Utility when booting from the USB installer to create a RAID set without having to have another OS X drive for Disk Utility, extremely useful when creating a 4 drive RAID in a Mac Pro.
With a striped RAID set it is essential that you keep a back-up. Should one of the drives in your RAID fail, the whole RAID will fail.
Setting up a Mirrored RAID for real-time, auto-repairing Back UpsSetting up a mirrored RAID set is a great internal back-up solution, providing a real-time back-up that can even automatically repair itself should a drive fail, this is achieved by writing your data to both disks rather than just one. Again we would recommend using matched drives, but you don't have to.
You can use SSDs, HDDs and even PCI-E flash storage, it all depends on your needs and budget. You can also use as many disks as you like, you shouldn't need more than 2, but using 3 or 4 will give you even more security should a drive fail.
How to:
Open Disk Utitlity (Finder > User > Applications > Utilities).
Format each disk you want to use in your RAID set to ‘Mac OS X Extended (Journaled)'. Do this by selecting each disk in the left hand menu and heading over to the ‘Erase' tab.
Select one of the disks you want to use in your RAID.
Select ‘RAID' tab in the main portion of the window.
Name your RAID in the ‘RAID Set Name' text box.
Select ‘Mac OS X Extended (Journaled)' as your format in the ‘Format' drop down (unless you specifically want another format and know what you are doing).
Select ‘Mirrored RAID Set' in the ‘RAID Type' drop down.
Drag the drives you want to use in the RAID from the drive overview section on the left of the window into the RAID Set.
Hit ‘Options' and tick ‘Automatically rebuild RAID mirror sets'.
Hit ‘Create'.
Once created, your RAID set will appear as below and can now be used to store files.
You're now all set to install OS X on your mirrored RAID set, or to just use it as a data drive. Again use a bootable USB installer if you have no other drives to install from.
RAID 10: Striped Mirrors and Mirrored Stripes, the best of both worldsWant the speed of a striped RAID set as well as the security of a mirrored RAID? If so, RAID 10 might be the one for you. A RAID 10 set comprises of two mirrored RAID sets in a striped RAID formation. Should a drive fail, it will auto repair, and you will still get the speed boost of striping (4 drives in a RAID 10 formation will read/write at double the speed of a single drive as opposed to 4 times the speed with a pure striped RAID).
For example, using 4 HDDs in a RAID 10 set will achieve read & write speeds of around 300MB/s as well as having real time back-up and auto repair functionality.
Technically this isn't actually a RAID 10 set, as a RAID 10 set is a hardware RAID. But it is a software clone and does exactly the same thing. You can call it a mirrored-striped-software-RAID-set if you like.
How to:
Open Disk Utitlity (Finder > User > Applications > Utilities).
Format each disk you want to use in your RAID set to ‘Mac OS X Extended (Journaled). Do this by selecting each disk in the left hand menu and heading over to the ‘Erase' tab.
Select one of the disks you want to use in your RAID.
Select ‘RAID' tab in the main portion of the window.
Name your RAID in the ‘RAID Set Name' text box.
Click the ‘+' button just below the main section of the window 3 times in order to add 3 partitions.
Set two of the partitions to ‘Striped RAID Set' and the final partition to ‘Mirrored RAID Set'.
Drag two of your drives into the first ‘Striped RAID Set' and the other two into the second.
Drag your two ‘Striped RAID Set's into your ‘Mirrored RAID Set'. (Your RAID configuration should appear the same as the image above).
Hit ‘Create'.
Once created, your RAID set will appear as below and can now be used to store files.

Again, you can now install OS X on your mirrored striped RAID set, or simply use it as a data drive.
You can also set up a striped mirrored RAID set (as opposed to mirrored striped), just set up two mirrors and stripe those together instead. Functionality and performance will be the same.
Some Notes on Software RAID SetsAs with any storage drive, you should always keep a physical or online back-up of your RAID set, regardless of the type. In most cases software RAID sets are very reliable, but they can be susceptible to things such as power cuts, again unlikely, but the possibility is always there even with a mirrored RAID.
And remember, it's not really a back-up unless you have two.
We do also provide hardware RAID controllers for the Mac Pro 5,1 at Create Pro. Complete with on board battery and controller for extra security.

To use a keyboard shortcut, press and hold one or more modifier keys and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to use Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command key, then the C key, then release both keys. Charlies adventures in the heart kingdom mac os. Mac menus and keyboards often use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys:

On keyboards made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Option, and the Windows logo key instead of Command.
Some keys on some Apple keyboards have special symbols and functions, such as for display brightness , keyboard brightness , Mission Control, and more. If these functions aren't available on your keyboard, you might be able to reproduce some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To use these keys as F1, F2, F3, or other standard function keys, combine them with the Fn key.
Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcutsCommand-X: Cut the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard.
Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder.
Command-V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder.
Command-Z: Undo the previous command. You can then press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.
Command-A: Select All items.
Command-F: Find items in a document or open a Find window.
Command-G: Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. To find the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-G.
Command-H: Hide the windows of the front app. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press Option-Command-H.
Command-M: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, press Option-Command-M.
Command-O: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open.
Command-P: Print the current document.
Command-S: Save the current document.
Command-T: Open a new tab.
Command-W: Close the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Option-Command-W.
Option-Command-Esc: Force quit an app.
Command–Space bar: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar. (If you use multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)
Control–Command–Space bar: Show the Character Viewer, from which you can choose emoji and other symbols.
Control-Command-F: Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app.
Space bar: Use Quick Look to preview the selected item.
Command-Tab: Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps. 
Shift-Command-5: In macOS Mojave or later, take a screenshot or make a screen recording. Or use Shift-Command-3 or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn more about screenshots.
Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder in the Finder.
Command-Comma (,): Open preferences for the front app.
Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcutsYou might need to press and hold some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally.
Power button: Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to sleep.* Continue holding to force your Mac to turn off.
Option–Command–Power button* or Option–Command–Media Eject : Put your Mac to sleep.
Control–Shift–Power button* or Control–Shift–Media Eject : Put your displays to sleep.
Control–Power button* or Control–Media Eject : Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart, sleep, or shut down.
Control–Command–Power button:* Force your Mac to restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved documents.
Control–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
Control–Option–Command–Power button* or Control–Option–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
Control-Command-Q: Immediately lock your screen.
Shift-Command-Q: Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm. To log out immediately without confirming, press Option-Shift-Command-Q.
Mac Os List* Does not apply to the Touch ID sensor.
Finder and system shortcutsCommand-D: Duplicate the selected files.
Command-E: Eject the selected disk or volume.
Command-F: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
Command-I: Show the Get Info window for a selected file.
Command-R: (1) When an alias is selected in the Finder: show the original file for the selected alias. (2) In some apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page. (3) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates again.
Shift-Command-C: Open the Computer window.
Shift-Command-D: Open the desktop folder.
Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or changed recently.
Shift-Command-G: Open a Go to Folder window.
Shift-Command-H: Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account.
Shift-Command-I: Open iCloud Drive.
Shift-Command-K: Open the Network window.
Option-Command-L: Open the Downloads folder.
Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder.
Shift-Command-O: Open the Documents folder.
Shift-Command-P: Show or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows.
Shift-Command-R: Open the AirDrop window.
Shift-Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows. 
Control-Shift-Command-T: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)
Shift-Command-U: Open the Utilities folder.
Option-Command-D: Show or hide the Dock. 
Control-Command-T: Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later).
Option-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
Option-Command-S: Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows.
Command–Slash (/): Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows.
Command-J: Show View Options.
Command-K: Open the Connect to Server window.
Control-Command-A: Make an alias of the selected item.
Command-N: Open a new Finder window.
Option-Command-N: Create a new Smart Folder.
Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
Option-Command-T: Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
Option-Command-V: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
Command-Y: Use Quick Look to preview the selected files.
Option-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
Command-1: View the items in the Finder window as icons.
Command-2: View the items in a Finder window as a list.
Command-3: View the items in a Finder window in columns. 
Command-4: View the items in a Finder window in a gallery.
Command–Left Bracket ([): Go to the previous folder.
Command–Right Bracket (]): Go to the next folder.
Command–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder.
Command–Control–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.
Command–Down Arrow: Open the selected item.
Right Arrow: Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Left Arrow: Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Command-Delete: Move the selected item to the Trash.
Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash.
Option-Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
Command–Brightness Down: Turn video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.
Option–Brightness Up: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
Control–Brightness Up or Control–Brightness Down: Change the brightness of your external display, if supported by your display.
Option–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness Down: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. Add the Control key to this shortcut to make the adjustment on your external display, if supported by your display.
Option–Mission Control: Open Mission Control preferences.
Command–Mission Control: Show the desktop. 
Control–Down Arrow: Show all windows of the front app.
Option–Volume Up: Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
Option–Shift–Volume Up or Option–Shift–Volume Down: Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps.
Option–Keyboard Brightness Up: Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness key.
Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Down: Adjust the keyboard brightness in smaller steps.
Option key while double-clicking: Open the item in a separate window, then close the original window.
Command key while double-clicking: Open a folder in a separate tab or window.
Command key while dragging to another volume: Move the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying it. 
Option key while dragging: Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option-Command while dragging: Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
Option-click a disclosure triangle: Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
Command-click a window title: See the folders that contain the current folder.
Learn how to use Command or Shift to select multiple items in the Finder. 
Click the Go menu in the Finder menu bar to see shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such as Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and iCloud Drive.
Document shortcutsThe behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're using.
Command-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off. 
Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
Command-K: Add a web link.
Command-U: Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
Command-T: Show or hide the Fonts window.
Command-D: Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
Control-Command-D: Show or hide the definition of the selected word.
Shift-Command-Colon (:): Display the Spelling and Grammar window.
Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the document.
Option-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.
Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete.
Control-D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
Fn-Delete: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D.
Control-K: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
Fn–Up Arrow: Page Up: Scroll up one page. 
Fn–Down Arrow: Page Down: Scroll down one page.
Fn–Left Arrow: Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document.
Fn–Right Arrow: End: Scroll to the end of a document.
Command–Up Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.
Command–Down Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
Command–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
Command–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.
Option–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
Option–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.
Shift–Command–Up Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document.
Shift–Command–Down Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.
Shift–Command–Left Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
Shift–Command–Right Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.
Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below.
Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the left.
Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the right.
Option–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again.
Option–Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.
Control-A: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
Control-E: Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
Control-F: Move one character forward.
Control-B: Move one character backward.
Control-L: Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.
Control-P: Move up one line.
Control-N: Move down one line.
Control-O: Insert a new line after the insertion point.
Control-T: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point.
Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
Command–Right Curly Bracket (}): Right align.
Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|): Center align.
Option-Command-F: Go to the search field. 
Option-Command-T: Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
Option-Command-C: Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
Option-Command-V: Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
Option-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
Option-Command-I: Show or hide the inspector window.
Shift-Command-P: Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
Shift-Command-S: Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
Shift–Command–Minus sign (-): Decrease the size of the selected item.
Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.
Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Help menu.
Other shortcutsFor more shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in the menus of your apps. Every app can have its own shortcuts, and shortcuts that work in one app might not work in another. 
Apple Music shortcuts: Choose Help > Keyboard shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
Other shortcuts: Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Shortcuts.

Learn moreSuper Fast Food Mac Os UpdateCreate your own shortcuts and resolve conflicts between shortcuts
Change the behavior of the function keys or modifier keys